WARNING: RISK OF DIAPHILLIA OUTBREAK

As of September 11, 2023, 2 cases of diphtheria have been detected in Thai Nguyen province, so people need to pay attention to epidemic prevention measures.

Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease, capable of spreading strongly through the respiratory tract and causing epidemic outbreaks. Diphtheria is classified as a dangerous infectious disease because it has a high mortality rate. The infected person can die within 6 to 10 days if not treated promptly.

People at risk of diphtheria include:

• Children and adults are not be vaccinated with diphtheria vaccine
• People living in crowded place or unsanitary conditions
• Anyone traveling to an area where diphtheria is present

Diphtheria signs and symptoms usually begin in 02 to 05 days after infection and are as follows:

• Pseudomembranes on both sides of the throat, ivory white, gray, black, tough, sticky, bleeding easily.
• Sore throat and hoarseness
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
• Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
• Runny nose
• Fever and chills
• Uncomfortable

In some people, infection with the diphtheria bacteria causes only mild symptoms or no obvious signs and symptoms. However, they can spread the disease to the community without showing symptoms of illness.

A second type of diphtheria can affect the skin with pain, redness and swelling, and ulcers covered by a gray membrane in the pharyngeal area. This disease is more common in tropical climates area, in people with poor hygiene, and living in crowded conditions.

Transmission route of Diphtheria:

• Through airborne droplets when an infected person sneezes or
• Through objects containing pathogens
• When exposed to bacteria that cause diphtheria by touching an infected wound.
• People infected with diphtheria bacteria can be the source of infection for up to six weeks – even if there are no symptoms.

Complications of diphtheria

If left untreated, diphtheria can lead to:

• Tissue damage in the area of infection: nose and throat, which can interfere with breathing.
• Heart attack, causing complications such as myocarditis, seriously leading to congestive heart failure and sudden death.
• Nerve damage.
• Diphtheria causes death in about 3% of people who get the disease.

Prevention of Diphtheria

Although diphtheria is easily spread from person to person, the disease is completely preventable with the use of vaccines.

• Diphtheria vaccine (DPT vaccine) is administered in the expanded vaccination program when children are 2 months old. The second and third injections will be given when the child is 3 months and 4 months old and again when the child is 18 months old.
• After completing the above 5 doses in childhood, healthy people also need a booster dose of diphtheria vaccine to help maintain immunity. That’s because immunity to diphtheria decreases over time.

To proactively prevent diphtheria, people need to be aware of self-prevention for themselves and their families, fully vaccinated to minimize the possibility of spreading into an epidemic and dying from the epidemic.

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